Resources

This section provides a copy of all the papers in the REAP resources section as well as papers relevant to the PEER project.. There are also links to other websites on assessment and feedback and othe useful resources. Readers should also exammine other sections of the webstie where resources are embedded in the web pages. A specific example of the is the 'At A Glance' right hand panels with quick resource links on many pages on this site.

Key papers on peer review

Boud, D., Cohen, R. & Sampson, J. (1999) Peer learning and assessment, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 24(4), 413–426.

Boud, D., Cohen, R. & Sampson, J. (2001) Peer learning and assessment, in: D. Boud, R. Cohen, & J. Sampson (Eds) Peer learning in higher education (London, Kogan Page), 67–81.

Gielen, S., Dochy, F. and Onghena, P. (2010), An inventory of peer assessment diversity, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1–19, iFirst Article

Hamer, J., Kell, C and Spence, F (date) Peer assessment using Aropa. Department of Computer Science Centre for Flexible and Distance Learning, University of Auckland, available at

Liu, Ngar-Fun and Carless, D (2006), Peer feedback: the learning element of peer assessment. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(3), 279-290

Pearce, J., Mulder, R. and Baik, C. (2009) Involving students in peer review: case studies and practical strategies for university teaching, Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne.

Sadler, D. R. (2010) Beyond feedback: Developing student capability in complex appraisal, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education,

Topping, K. (1998) Peer assessment between students in colleges and universities, Review of Educational Research, Fall 1998, 68 (3), 249-276.

Vickerman, P (2009) Student perspectives on formative peer assessment: an attempt to deepen learning? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(2), 221-230 [see also general resources section of the reap website]

REAP publications

Nicol. D (2011) Good designs for written feedback. In: Svinicki, M and McKeachie, W J (eds) Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research and Theories for College and University Teachers. 13th edition. International edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN 13:9780495812340 (Available from the author on request, please email d.j.nicol@strath.ac.uk)

Nicol, D (2010) The foundation for graduate attributes: developing self-regulation through self and peer assessment. Published by The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education.Full Text

Nicol, D (2010) From monologue to dialogue: improving written feedback in mass higher education. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education.35(5) pps 501 -517.[Note: the editors of this journal have decided to include this article in a book that will be published in 2011]

Nicol, D (2010) Four recent papers on assessment and feedback with significant implications for practice. QAA Scotland Enhancement Themes. Graduates for the 21st Century. Full Text

Nicol, D and Draper, S (2009) A blueprint for transformational organisational change in higher education: REAP as a case study. In: Mayes, T; Morrison, D; Meller, H; Bullen, P and Oliver, M (eds) Education through technology-enhanced learning. Higher Education Academy. ISBN 978-1-907207-11-2. Full Text

Nicol, D. (2009), Assessment for learner self-regulation: Enhancing achievement in the first year using learning technologies. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 34 (3) pps 335 -352.

Nicol, D and Owen, C (2009) Re-engineering assessment practices: A matrix for curriculum and institutional change. Educational Developments, 10(2), pps 5-10 (Available from the authors on request, please email catherine.owen@strath.ac.uk)

Nicol, D. (2009) Transforming assessment and feedback: enhancing integration and empowerment. Published by The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Full Text

Nicol, D (2008), Technology-supported assessment: A review of research. Upublished manuscript.

Nicol, D. (2007). Laying a foundation for lifelong learning: case studies of e-assessment in large 1st-year classes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 668–678.

Nicol, D. (2007). E-assessment by design: using multiple-choice tests to good effect. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(1), pp. 53–64. 
[Note: this paper was the second highest cited article in this journal averaged over the period 2004-09]

Nicol, D. (2007). Principles of good assessment and feedback: theory and practice. From the REAP International Online Conference on Assessment Design for Learner Responsibility, 29th-31st May, 2007.

Draper, S. & Nicol, D. J. (2006). Transformation in e-learning. Short paper corresponds to a talk given at ALT-C, Edinburgh, Sept 5-9, 2006.

Nicol, D. J. (2006). Increasing success in first year courses: assessment re-design, self-regulation and learning technologies. Paper to be presented at ASCILITE Conference, Sydney, Dec 3-6, 2006

Nicol, D. J. & Milligan, C. (2006). Rethinking technology-supported assessment in terms of the seven principles of good feedback practice. In C. Bryan and K. Clegg (Eds), Innovative Assessment in Higher Education, Taylor and Francis Group Ltd, London

Nicol, D.J. & Macfarlane-Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: A model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199-218
[Note: This paper had the largest number of downloads from this journal in 2010, more than double the next largest. It is was also the most cited article averaged over the period 2004-2010]

Nicol, D.J. & Macfarlane-Dick, D. (2004). Rethinking formative assessment in HE: a theoretical model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Higher Education Academy.

Nicol,D.J. & Boyle, J. T. (2003) Peer Instruction versus Class-wide Discussion in large classes: a comparison of two interaction methods in the wired classroom. Studies in Higher Education 28(4), 457-473.

Boyle, J. T. & Nicol,D.J. (2003) Using classroom communication systems to support interaction and discussion in large class settings. ALT-J - Association for Learning Technology Journal 11(3), 43-57.

Nicol, D.J. & Coen, M. (2003) A model for evaluating the institutional costs and benefits of ICT initiatives in teaching and learning in higher education. ALT-J - Association for Learning Technology Journal. 11(2), 46-60. (Version submitted to ALT-J).

Useful Websites

Assessment Futures is a website that takes the idea that assessment should be used to prepare students for future learning, It is consistent with this site in its emphasis on the idea that students must develop their own capacity to make judgements about their work relative to standards.  The site was developed by David Boud at the University of Technology, Sydney with funding from the Australian Learning and Teaching Council. http://www.assessmentfutures.com

Effective Assessment in a Digital Age: A guide to technology-enhanced assessment and feedback, This publication by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) uses the Assessment and Feeback Principles developed through the REAP project as a lens to examine how technology might be used to enhance assessment practices. There is a publication with case studies at www.jisc.ac.uk/digiassess and online resources, videos at www.jisc.ac.uk/assessresource